Fertilisers: Grasses should be fed during the growing season to encourage natural growth but not to force or stimulate unnecessary growth especially early in the year.
Specification for the seeding operation: The variation in site conditions and the proposed end uses make it difficult to offer a specification which satisfies all requirements.
While synthetic pitches have gained a stronghold in the sport of hockey, at club level, many hockey pitches are part of a multipurpose turf area and a high-quality management is required for an optimum playing surface.
Golf Tees: Tees should always be designed so they can be maintained easily with reasonably sized equipment. Keeping a tee in good condition requires constant remedial work which can result in excessive wear. Therefore, the larger the tee, the less the effect of wear will be.
The sheer volume of foot traffic causes many problems with maintenance, particularly on older golf courses that were never built to withstand such continuous heavy use.
Reclamation of derelict land: As a once-proud industrial nation, Britain has historically exploited its natural resources for energy, minerals and manufacturing materials and has inevitably created many thousands of hectares of industrial wasteland and redundant brownfield sites such London’s Olympic Park.
Coastal areas vary enormously from one part of the country to another, but establishing a good sward on or near a coastal site can be hampered by wind and sea erosion, growing medium, soil instability and the general lack of organic matter.
Widespread economic constraints have necessarily led to changes in attitude with respect to the management and maintenance of amenity grassland. Traditionally established practices have been brought into question, especially in the areas of ecology and conservation.
